Optical fiber ntau yog txoj kev nrov tshaj plaws rau kev xa lub teeb ntawm ob qho kawg, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus.Optical fiber ntauyog ib qho yooj yim pob tshab fiber ntau uas yog ua los ntawm extruded iav los yog yas. Optical fiber ntau muaj kev sib kis ntev dua thiab siab dua bandwidth dua li cov cables. Ib qho fiber ntau optical feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm peb yam: pob tshab core, pob tshab cladding khoom thiab txheej txheej.
Optical fibers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom feem ntau, lawv yog MMF (multimode fiber) uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntau txoj kev nthuav tawm lossis kab rov tav hom thiab SMF (ib hom fiber ntau) uas txhawb nqa ib hom. Ob leeg SMF thiab MMF tuaj yeem txhawb nqaMPO Cable. ThiabAOC kabfeem ntau siv MMF cable.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm SMF thiab MMF yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Kis qhov deb
SMF yog siv rau kev sib kis mus ntev. SMF (ib hom fiber ntau) yog fiber ntau optical uas ncaj qha xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag hauv kab rov tav. Ib hom fiber ntau khiav ntawm tus nqi txav ntawm 100M / s lossis 1 G / s, thiab qhov kev sib kis tau mus txog tsawg kawg 5 km.
Multimode fiber (MMF) feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus luv luv, xws li hauv cov tsev lossis cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Kev sib kis ceev yog 100M / s, qhov kis tau tus mob mus txog 2km (100BASE-FX), 1 G / s tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1000m, thiab 10 G / s tuaj yeem ncav cuag 550m.
2. Core Diameter
Hom ib hom fibers muaj core diameters ntawm 8 ~ 10 µm, hos multi-mode fibers muaj ib tug loj txoj kab uas hla, feem ntau yog 50 los yog 62.5 µm core inch. Cov txheej diameters yog tag nrho 125 µm.
3. Lub teeb qhov chaw
Feem ntau lasers thiab LEDs yog siv los ua lub teeb ci. Lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yog kim dua li LED teeb qhov chaw vim tias lub teeb laser ua rau ib qho ze-ib hom ntawm lub teeb, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau meej thiab muaj lub zog siab. Laser lub teeb qhov chaw feem ntau yog siv rau ib hom. LED teeb uas feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom fiber ntau yog tawg thiab ntau hom.
4. Bandwidth
Ib hom fiber ntau kuj nthuav tawm modal dispersion los ntawm ntau hom spatial, tab sis cov modal dispersion yog me dua li ntawm ntau hom fiber ntau. Ib hom fiber ntau muaj bandwidth siab dua li ntau hom fiber ntau.
5. Modal dispersion
LED teeb qhov chaw yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom fibers los tsim ib tug series ntawm wavelengths uas propagate ntawm txawv speeds. Qhov no yuav ua rau hom dispersion, uas txwv qhov kev sib kis tau zoo ntawm ntau hom fiber ntau. Hauv qhov sib piv, lub teeb laser uas siv los tsav ib hom fiber ntau ua rau tib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, nws modal dispersion yog ntau me dua li ntawm ntau hom fiber ntau.
6. Lub wavelength
Ib hom fiber ntau yog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog tsuas yog ib qho strand (ob strands hauv feem ntau daim ntawv thov) ntawm cov iav fiber ntau, nrog lub taub ntawm 8μm ~ 10μm, thiab tsuas yog ib hom kev sib kis. Vim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kab uas hla, ib hom fibers tsuas tuaj yeem xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1310nm lossis 1550nm. Ntau hom fiber ntau ua haujlwm nrog wavelength ntawm 850nm.
7. Nqe
MMF tuaj yeem txhawb ntau hom kev kho qhov muag, thiab nws tus nqi siab dua SMF. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov cuab yeej, txij li thaum ib hom fiber ntau feem ntau siv laser lub teeb, ib hom fiber ntau cov khoom kim dua li cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntau. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm kev siv ntau hom fiber ntau yog tsawg dua tus nqi ntawm kev siv ib hom fiber ntau. MMF feem ntau yog siv hauv LAN. Thaum kis tau tus mob tshaj 5km, SMF yuav yog txoj kev zoo dua.
